What types of trauma can cause PTSD?

PTSD can develop after exposure to any traumatic event, including combat or military service, physical or sexual assault, childhood abuse or neglect, domestic violence, serious accidents, natural disasters, witnessing violence, medical trauma, and the sudden loss of a loved one. PTSD can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background.

Can children develop PTSD?

Yes. Children can develop PTSD after experiencing or witnessing traumatic events. Symptoms in children may look different from adults and can include regression (bedwetting, thumb-sucking), nightmares, re-enacting the trauma through play, clinginess, avoidance of certain situations, and behavioral changes.

What medications help with PTSD?

Sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil) are the two FDA-approved medications for PTSD. Other SSRIs and SNRIs may also be used. Prazosin is commonly prescribed for trauma-related nightmares. Your provider will select the best medication based on your specific symptoms and needs.

How is PTSD diagnosed?

PTSD is diagnosed through a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation that includes a detailed clinical interview about your trauma history, current symptoms, and how they affect your daily life. Your provider may use validated screening tools such as the PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist). Symptoms must persist for more than one month and cause significant distress or functional impairment to meet diagnostic criteria.

What medications are used to treat PTSD?

The FDA-approved medications for PTSD are sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil), both SSRIs. Other SSRIs and SNRIs like venlafaxine are also commonly used. Prazosin may be prescribed specifically for trauma-related nightmares. Your provider will select the most appropriate medication based on your specific symptoms and medical history.

Can PTSD develop years after a traumatic event?

Yes. While PTSD symptoms typically begin within three months of the trauma, some people experience delayed-onset PTSD where symptoms appear six months or even years later. This can be triggered by a new stressor, anniversary dates, or life changes that bring unresolved trauma to the surface. Seeking treatment is effective regardless of when symptoms began.

What is the difference between PTSD and complex PTSD?

PTSD typically develops after a single traumatic event. Complex PTSD (C-PTSD) results from prolonged, repeated trauma such as ongoing abuse, neglect, or captivity. C-PTSD includes all PTSD symptoms plus difficulties with emotional regulation, self-perception, and interpersonal relationships. Both conditions respond to psychiatric treatment including medication management.

Can children develop PTSD?

Yes, children and adolescents can develop PTSD. Their symptoms may present differently than in adults — younger children may re-enact traumatic events through play, have nightmares without clear content, or develop new fears. Teens may show symptoms more similar to adults but may also engage in risk-taking behavior. Early intervention is important for better long-term outcomes.

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